METROPOLITAN SEPULCHRE / Thomas Wilson

Reblogged from Laphams Quarterly

In 1820 a little-known architect named Thomas Wilson proposed a plan for “a metropolitan cemetery on a scale commensurate with the necessities of the largest city in the world, embracing prospectively the demands of centuries, sufficiently capacious to receive five million of the dead, where they may repose in perfect security, without interfering with the comfort, the health, the business, the property, or the pursuits of the living.” What he proposed, in short, was a massive pyramid, its base covering eighteen acres and its height well above that of St. Peter’s Cathedral—a metropolitan sepulchre, a skyscraper for the dead.

ELEVATION / Metropolitan Sepulchre c.1820
Wilson envisioned massive flights of stairs on each side of the pyramid, leading to an obelisk on top that would include an observatory. In the gardens around the pyramid, a sculpture garden would counterpoint the “bold, monotonous, and sombre background of the pyramid;” not just a house for the dead, it would be a monument for all of London.

“This grand mausoleum,” Wilson claimed, “will go far towards completing the glory of London. It will rise in majesty over its splendid fanes and lofty towers—teaching the living to die, and the dying to live for ever.” Moreover, it would pay for itself. At £5 per burial (around $500 today) the project would return a tidy profit for its investors.

Wilson’s idea was rejected in favor of the garden cemetery plan recently pioneered in Paris’s Père Lachaise. Specifically, the cemetery was designed as an antidote to city life; it was an idyllic natural repose where the living could escape the bustle of the city by communing in verdant fields with their loved ones. Wilson’s pyramid, on the other hand, was to be an extension of it—just as urbanites dwelled in spectacular architecture and ever-taller buildings, so too might their dearly departed.

 Now, almost two hundred years later, necessity is once again enlarging how we view the dead and what we will accept as their final resting place. In these new spires of mourning, we hearken back to Cheops’s Pyramid and Wilson’s Metropolitan Sepulchre, recalling the past even as we prepare for the future.
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MEMORIAL NECROPOLE ECUMENICA



The Memorial Necropole Ecumenica is the tallest cemetery in the world. The first building Memorial Necropole Ecumenica 1 was built in 1984, with Memorial Necropole 2 following later that year. Though not Brasil's first multi-storey cemetery, perhaps it is the one most ahead of its time. As the brain-child of Jose 'Pepe' Alstut it was not only conceived of as a solution to the lack of space in the cemeteries of the region but also as an attempt to demystify the macabre of the typology.

Though the structure appears to be surrounded by vegetation, set against the picturesque background of Morro Marape, it is in fact located on a transition between mountain and city, next to homes and small industry, and a short walk from the local sports grounds.

BETWEEN THE MOUNTAIN & THE CITY
In all honesty I had not spent much time researching Brazilian Vertical Cemeteries before the completed (somewhat) Arcade proposal - using it primarily as a precedent of method rather than attitude. However the similarities between it and my own ideas and proposals (whether by chance or not) are unavoidable. By building upwards the Necropolis is able to use an innovative ducting system to divert odour into the atmosphere, and protect the remains from insects and stray dogs. Its concentration of real estate allows it to occupy a location close to living, and this together with its iconic form and current status as a tourist destination allow it to go some way in fulfilling its objective of demystifying the cemetery.

Vertical cemeteries are not an aberration or instance of architectural whimsy. They have been a solution to the real issue of overpopulation for over 30 years and are going to continue to do so for the indefinite future. Perhaps the trajectory of their typology will mirror that of the skyscraper itself, becoming ever taller, ever so often speckled with vegetation. Having learnt the lessons of the skyscraper however, hopefully that can be avoided, and the vertical cemetery can represent a meaningful and appropriate mediation of the problems of our time - now and forwards into the future.
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CEMETERIO SAN JOSE



While trying find information on the Memorial Necropole Ecumenica in Sao Paolo and Brazilian vertical cemeteries in general I stumbled across (thank you Google Translate) the Cemeterio San Jose in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul at skyscrapercity.org. From what I can gather the built structures are at least 30 years old and as you can see from the streetview and map above, the entire complex is vast.

At a guess I would assume that the bodies are placed horizontally, as the frontpieces of each tomb look too large for an ossuary.

VERTICAL CEMETERY / Architectural Solution to Cemetery Overcrowding
Brazil built its first crematorium in 1983 in Sao Paulo at around the same time as the San Jose Cemetery would have been built. It seems as though Brazil was attempting to solve the overcrowding of its cemeteries architecturally rather than relying on the technological solution of cremation. As cremation is becoming more difficult to sustain due to ever more stringent environmental regulations, I would suggest that they had the right idea.
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ISOMETRICS NORTH-EAST NORTH-WEST



ISOMETRIC / North West / North West
 eN North Elevation, eW West Elevation, A to AB East/West Sections A to AB
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TOWARDS THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN

A reference for these section drawings can be found here. Scroll across the relevant letters to view Sections A to AB and select to view each individually.
SECTION A
1 Eastern Promenade, 2 Steps up to Eastern Promenade, 3 Lower Retail Level - Books, Electronics, Opticians and Eye-wear
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MEMORIALS BETWEEN MOUNTAIN & CITY



ELEVATION / West / Memorials Between The Mountain & The City
 1 Cheongyeongchong Bridge, 2 Path of the Last Journey - Before Threshold Wall, 3 Path of the Last Journey - Beyond Threshold Wall, 4 Promession House, 5 Charnel House, 6 Promession Vapour Chimney,  7 Mugunghwa Preparation Hall, 8 Mugunghwa Nursery, 9 Memorial Shelters, 10 Temporal Memorials , 11 Temporary Internment
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